Who is who
A new Who Is Who? activity in 4th grade History, this time on women who defied social conventions to pursue their vocation or defended equal rights for men and women, as well as on the few male thinkers who shared the same ideals in the early 19th century. By matching portraits to clues, the students got to know their names, goals, and main achievements. By completing and commenting on their famous quotes, they went deeper into their criticism of 19th century society. Some of the statements being so shocking ones as:
John Stuart Mill’s No slave is a slave in so full extent of the word than a wife is,
or Flora Tristan’s The woman is the proletarian of the proletariat.
Below are some examples of the students' great work:
Who Is Who?
UNUSUAL MEN AND WOMEN IN THE EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES
By:
- Diana
- Claudia
- Nerea
- Sofía
1. "I do not wish women to have power over men, but over themselves." Mary Wollstonecraft
2. “The woman is the proletarian of the proletariat.” Flora Tristan
3. “I attribute my success to this: I never gave or took any excuse.” Florence Nightingale
4.“ Women have the right to mount the scaffold, they should likewise have the right to mount the rostrum” Olympe de Gouges
5. “Regardless of what barriers confront you, it is in your power to free yourselves ; you only have to want to.“ Olympe de Gouges
6. “No slave is a slave in so full extent of a word than a wife is.” John Stuart Mill
7. “Marriage is the tomb of trust and love.” Olympe de Gouges
1. This quote means that Mary Wollstonecraft’s aim wasn’t to make women more powerful than men or for them to be superior, but to achieve a world where women are independent, determined and capable of making their own decisions, that is to say, they are allowed to live their lives without a man controlling them and they are free to become whoever they want. Diana
2. What Flora Tristan is trying to say us in this quote is that women had to fought with the working class (proletarian), this means she argued that the progress of women's rights was directly related with the progress of the working class. Claudia
3. Florence Nightingale is talking about how she never tried to blame others or put any excuse for her failure when she didn’t manage to do something and simply accepted that she wasn’t perfect and that she needed to improve in certain aspects. However, she also mentions that she never took anyone else’s excuses for not having done something either. Diana
4. With this quote, Olympe de Gouges wanted to say that if women are judged they also have every right to be able to judge anyone. Sofía
5. This quote means that even if you find difficulties, if you fight and want you, can achieve it. It concludes that to want is to be able. Sofía
6. With this quote John Stuart Mill was talking about the subjection of women to men in the 19th century, that all women depended on a man since they were born, starting with her father and ending with her husband. Women were denied their sexuality just to fulfill their duty as wives, they were only to give birth and raise their children. So Mill decided to write against the subjection of women for people to realize this unfair situation. Nerea
7. With this quote, Olympe de Gouges meant that since her marriage was unhappy, women did not have to marry. In this way they would feel free, since marriage buried love. Sofía
1. Olympe de Gouges was a French writer and political philosopher during the 18th century. She wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen in 1791. She was eventually tried and arrested for her defense of the Girondins and was guillotined. Sofía
4. Concepcion Arenal was a graduate in law, thinker, journalist, poet and Galician dramatic author within the literacy Realism and pioneer in Spanlish feminism of the 19th century. She excelled in literature and was the first woman to attend university in Spain. She also was one of the biggest supporters of modern feminist theory in her country. Claudia
8. Flora Tristan was a French- Peruvian writer and activist of the 19th century. Tristan is now recognized as a thinker whose works bridged the gap between "utopian" and "scientific" socialism and helped lay the foundations for modern feminist theory. Claudia
9. Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French philosopher and mathematician of the 18th century. Nicolas has been called “the last witness” because of all his enlightenment ideas. He worked on several mathematics projects but one of the most important is his Essay on the Application of Analysis to the Probability of Majority Decisions published in 1785. Nerea
10. John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher, a member of Parliament (MP) and a civil servant of the 19th century. He was one of the most influential thinkers in the history of classical liberalism. His Principles of Political Economy, which was published in 1848, was one of the most widely read of all economics books. He also wrote against The subjection of Women in 1869. Nerea
13. Mary Wollstonecraft was an eighteenth century English writer who wrote “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”, in an attempt to obtain better education for all women. Furthermore, she worked as governess for an Irish family and published “Maria, or the Wrongs of Woman”, a book that stated that women also had sexual desires and that it was unacceptable to act as if they didn’t. Diana
- Claudia
- Nerea
- Sofía
Complete the quotes and match them to their author:
1. "I do not wish women to have power over men, but over themselves." Mary Wollstonecraft
2. “The woman is the proletarian of the proletariat.” Flora Tristan
3. “I attribute my success to this: I never gave or took any excuse.” Florence Nightingale
4.“ Women have the right to mount the scaffold, they should likewise have the right to mount the rostrum” Olympe de Gouges
5. “Regardless of what barriers confront you, it is in your power to free yourselves ; you only have to want to.“ Olympe de Gouges
6. “No slave is a slave in so full extent of a word than a wife is.” John Stuart Mill
7. “Marriage is the tomb of trust and love.” Olympe de Gouges
Explain the meaning of the sentences: what do you think the purpose of the author was when writing it?
1. This quote means that Mary Wollstonecraft’s aim wasn’t to make women more powerful than men or for them to be superior, but to achieve a world where women are independent, determined and capable of making their own decisions, that is to say, they are allowed to live their lives without a man controlling them and they are free to become whoever they want. Diana
2. What Flora Tristan is trying to say us in this quote is that women had to fought with the working class (proletarian), this means she argued that the progress of women's rights was directly related with the progress of the working class. Claudia
3. Florence Nightingale is talking about how she never tried to blame others or put any excuse for her failure when she didn’t manage to do something and simply accepted that she wasn’t perfect and that she needed to improve in certain aspects. However, she also mentions that she never took anyone else’s excuses for not having done something either. Diana
4. With this quote, Olympe de Gouges wanted to say that if women are judged they also have every right to be able to judge anyone. Sofía
5. This quote means that even if you find difficulties, if you fight and want you, can achieve it. It concludes that to want is to be able. Sofía
6. With this quote John Stuart Mill was talking about the subjection of women to men in the 19th century, that all women depended on a man since they were born, starting with her father and ending with her husband. Women were denied their sexuality just to fulfill their duty as wives, they were only to give birth and raise their children. So Mill decided to write against the subjection of women for people to realize this unfair situation. Nerea
7. With this quote, Olympe de Gouges meant that since her marriage was unhappy, women did not have to marry. In this way they would feel free, since marriage buried love. Sofía
SHORT BIOGRAPHIES
1. Olympe de Gouges was a French writer and political philosopher during the 18th century. She wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen in 1791. She was eventually tried and arrested for her defense of the Girondins and was guillotined. Sofía
4. Concepcion Arenal was a graduate in law, thinker, journalist, poet and Galician dramatic author within the literacy Realism and pioneer in Spanlish feminism of the 19th century. She excelled in literature and was the first woman to attend university in Spain. She also was one of the biggest supporters of modern feminist theory in her country. Claudia
8. Flora Tristan was a French- Peruvian writer and activist of the 19th century. Tristan is now recognized as a thinker whose works bridged the gap between "utopian" and "scientific" socialism and helped lay the foundations for modern feminist theory. Claudia
9. Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French philosopher and mathematician of the 18th century. Nicolas has been called “the last witness” because of all his enlightenment ideas. He worked on several mathematics projects but one of the most important is his Essay on the Application of Analysis to the Probability of Majority Decisions published in 1785. Nerea
10. John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher, a member of Parliament (MP) and a civil servant of the 19th century. He was one of the most influential thinkers in the history of classical liberalism. His Principles of Political Economy, which was published in 1848, was one of the most widely read of all economics books. He also wrote against The subjection of Women in 1869. Nerea
13. Mary Wollstonecraft was an eighteenth century English writer who wrote “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”, in an attempt to obtain better education for all women. Furthermore, she worked as governess for an Irish family and published “Maria, or the Wrongs of Woman”, a book that stated that women also had sexual desires and that it was unacceptable to act as if they didn’t. Diana
By:
- Darío
- Lydia
- Irene
Explain the meaning of the sentences: what do you think the purpose of the author was when writing it?
Darío: She means that her goal is for women to stand in the position that men previously had, controlling the choices of their partners, but to be able to make decisions in their own life without the need for approval of a man.
Darío: In this quote, she establishes a relationship between patriarchy and capitalism. She compares the oppression of women with the oppression of the proletariat, making the proletarian women twice as oppressed.
Lydia: Florence said this because of her calls for urgent action often elicited excuses, but she continued to move forward. And she was referring to proactively seeking and accepting personal accountability in all areas of our lives.
Lydia: She wanted to reach equality in all the possible aspects of life, socially and politically. She exclaimed that women were allowed to be condemned equally as men but denied equal rights.
Irene: She wanted to empower women to achieve their freedom, fighting against every adversity, telling them that the most important part is their attitude.
Irene: He thought women were just like slaves inside marriages, as they couldn’t decide who they wanted to be with, and their only duties were to satisfy their husbands and husbands’ friends, together with ruling the servants inside their household. For that, he supported women’s freedom.
Lydia: She thought that a woman loses everything from her ability to own anything to her children and rights to be seen as an individual. So, this ended all the trust and love that a woman had in her husband.
SHORT BIOGRAPHIES
1. Olympe de Gouges (Darío)
Olympe de Gouges, whose birth name was Marie Gouze, was a French philosopher, writer, dramatist and political activist on women’s rights who lived during the 18th century. She wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen in 1791, where she discussed male-female inequity. She also supported abolitionism and wrote plays where she dealt with marriage, divorce, slave trade, children’s rights and unemployment. Olympe was executed during the Reign of Terror because of her revolutionaty ideas.
4. Concepción Arenal (Darío)
Concepción Arenal was a Spanish law expert, thinker, poet, journalist, writer and pioneer in feminism in Spain. She was the first woman to attend University in Spain, having to disguise as a man, but after being discovered by the rector, she had to pass an exam that allowed her to attend law school under a strict set of rules. Also dressed up as a male, she took part in political and literary debates, which was unheard of for women at that time.
8. Flora Tristan (Lydia)
Flora Tristan was a French-Peruvian socialist writer and activist woman during the 19th century. She created a different solution to the suppression of not only the proletariat, but also the working women, as she argued that the progress of women's rights was directly related with the working class. Through her writings, Flora was able to show the ability of women to conceptualize the idea of freedom. Because of that, she would be known as the mother of feminism and of communitarian socialism.
9. Nicolas de Condorcet (Lydia)
Nicolas de Condorcet was a French philosopher and mathematician during the 18th century. His work was mainly focused on gender equality. Nicolas published “On the Admission of Women to the Rights of Citizenship” in 1790, here he strongly advocated for women's suffrage and the enlargement of basic political and social rights to include women. Nicolas was one of the first to make such a radical proposal.
10. John Stuart Mill (Irene)
John Stuart Mill was a British philosopher, economist and politician during the 19th century. He is considered one of the most important classical liberalism thinkers, and he is known for supporting the freedom of individual, gender equality, and developing his Theory of Utilitarianism. This was based on the principle that actions that produce happiness are right, while the ones that create suffering are wrong.
13. Mary Wollstonecraft (Irene)
Mary Wollstonecraft was a British writer and philosopher during the 18th century. She is known for writing A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, one of the first feminist books, which set some basis for this movement. She always advocated for education to reach women’s independence, and she criticized marriages from a patriarchal point of view in both of her two novels. Wollstonecraft was also the mother of Mary Shelley, the writer of the worldwide famous book Frankenstein.
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